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Measurement of radioactivity in the environment during an emergency exercise at Chooz, by a representative from CEA Saclay (radiation protection), September 2014.
•
ensures there are no facility malfunctions, including
by analysing the ground water and checking licensees’
compliance with the regulations;
•
contributes to transparency and informationof thepublic
by transmitting monitoring data to the RNM.
4.2.2 Content of monitoring
All the nuclear sites in France that produce discharges
are subject to systematic environmental monitoring. This
monitoring is proportionate to the environmental risks or
drawbacks of the facility, as presented in the authorisation
file, particularly the impact assessment.
TheregulatorymonitoringoftheBNIenvironmentistailored
to each type of installation, depending on whether it is a
power reactor, a plant, a research facility, a waste disposal
facility, etc. The minimum content of this monitoring is
definedbytheOrderof7thFebruary2012settingthegeneral
rules for BNIs andby the above-mentionedASNresolution
of 16th July 2013. This resolution obliges BNI licensees
to have approved laboratories take the environmental
radioactivity measurements required by regulations.
Dependingon specific local features,monitoringmayvary
from one site to another. Table 8 gives examples of the
monitoring performedby anNPP andby a research centre
or plant.
When several facilities (whether or not BNIs) are present
on the same site, jointmonitoring of all these installations is
possible, as has been the case, for example, on theCadarache
and Tricastin sites since 2006.
These monitoring principles are supplemented in the
individual requirements applicable to the facilities by
monitoring measures specific to the risks inherent in
the industrial processes they use.
Each year, in addition to sending ASN the monitoring
results required by the regulations, the licensees transmit
nearly 120,000measurements to the national network for
environmental radioactivity monitoring.
4.2.3 Environmental monitoring nationwide by IRSN
IRSN’snationwideenvironmentalmonitoringiscarriedoutby
meansofmeasurementandsamplingnetworksdedicatedto:
•
air monitoring (aerosols, rainwater, ambient gamma
activity);
•
monitoring of surface water (watercourses) and
groundwater (aquifers);
•
monitoring of the human food chain (milk, cereals,
fish, etc.);
•
terrestrial continental monitoring (reference stations
located far from all industrial facilities).
It uses several approaches for this:
•
continuous on-site monitoring using independent
systems (remote-monitoring networks) providing real-
time transmission of results. This includes:
-- the
Téléray
network (ambient gamma radioactivity in
the air) which uses a system of continuous measure-
mentmonitors around thewhole country. The density
of this network is being increased aroundnuclear sites
within a radius of 10 to 30 km around BNIs;
-- the
Hydrotéléray
network (monitoring of the main
watercourses downstreamof all nuclear facilities and
before they cross national boundaries);
-- continuous sampling networks with laboratory
measurement, for example the atmospheric aerosols
radioactivity monitoring network;
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CHAPTER 04:
REGULATION OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES AND EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION
ASN report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2015